Glossary for MIPAV Help

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This glossary defines all acronyms and selected terms used in this guide.

Numerics
2D
Two dimensional.
3D
Three dimensional.
4D
Four dimensional.
5D
Five dimensional.
A
ACR
American College of Radiology. The ACR, in conjunction with National Electrical Manufacturers Association, developed the Digital Image Communication in Medicine standard.
AE
Application entity.
Analyze
Unix-based medical-imaging display and analysis software developed by the Mayo Foundation. MIPAV allows researchers to process, analyze, and visualize Analyze-formatted image files on virtually any platform.
API
Application program interface. Pieces of code that are used to perform common tasks, such as generate a standard window frame. Software developers often incorporate these pieces of code into their programs. An API is analogous to a package of form letters; APIs reduce programming time because common functions have already been written.

BMP
Extension for Windows Bitmap formatted files. BMP is the standard bitmap graphics file format that is used in the MS Windows environment.
boolean
This data type refers to data that represents symbolic relationships between entities, such as those implied by the logical operators AND, NOT, and OR. Examples of valid boolean values are TRUE and FALSE.
bytecode
Compiled format for Java code. Bytecode is analogous to object code. When the Java program is written and compiled, the compiled program is written in bytecode. When you execute the bytecode program, it is interpreted by the platform-specific Java Virtual Machine, which serves as an interface between your platform and the platform-independent bytecode. Java bytecode can be ported to almost any platform and executed, provided the correct Java Virtual Machine has been installed.

CIT
Center for Information Technology. CIT provides, coordinates, and manages information technology so that computational science at the National Institutes of Health is advanced.
color 24
Color 24 is commonly referred to as 24-bit color images. Full [rgb.htm RGB] color requires that the intensities of three color components be specified for each and every pixel. It is common for each component intensity to be stored as an 8-bit integer, and so each pixel requires 24 bits to completely and accurately specify its color. Image formats that store a full 24 bits to describe the color of each and every pixel are therefore known as 24-bit color images.
CR
Computed radiography.
C-STORE
Composite Storage.
CT
Computed Tomography.

data type
A set of values from which a variable, constant, function, or expression may take its value. MIPAV accommodates the following data types: Boolean, Signed Byte, Unsigned Byte, Signed Short, Unsigned Short, Integer, Long, Float, Double, and Color 24.
DCB
Division of Computational Bioscience. DCB is a research and development organization that provides engineering and computer science expertise to support biomedical research activities at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). DCB applies image processing and medical imaging technologies, high-performance parallel computing, high-speed networking, signal processing, state-of-the-art optical and electronic devices, bioinformatics, database technology, mathematical and statistical techniques, and modern hardware and software engineering principles to help solve biomedical research problems at NIH.
DICOM
Digital Image Communication in Medicine. Standard protocol developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Specifies a standard method of communication between two devices.
Double
Primitive, 64-bit, data type. Double is a floating point data type that accommodates decimal values, up to 14 or 15 significant digits of accuracy. Valid values can range from -1.7 x 10308 to 1.7 x 10308.

Endian
Data organization strategy. Refers to the way computer processors store data in memory. Big-endian format stores the most significant byte (MSB) first. Little-endian format stores the least significant byte (LSB) first.

FF
Feet first.
Float
Primitive, 32-bit, data type. Float is a floating point data type that accommodates decimal values, up to 6 or 7 significant digits of accuracy. Valid values can range from -3.4 x 1038 to 3.4 x 1038.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol.

GIF
Graphic Interchange Format. A compressed, bit mapped, graphics file format that supports color and various resolutions.
GUI
Graphical user interface. A user interface that is based on graphics rather than text.

header offset
Space reserved at the beginning of some graphic files that contain non-image data.
HF
Head First
HP
Hewlett-Packard.
HSB
Hue Saturation Brightness. In this color model, hue is the color, saturation is the purity of the color; and brightness indicates the brightness or darkness of the color.

ID
Identifier.
IE
Information Entity.
integer
Primitive, 32-bit, data type. Integer is sometimes abbreviated as int. Integer accommodates values that are whole numbers. Valid values range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648.
interlaced
A display technique that increases resolution. Half of the horizontal lines are drawn on the monitor during the first pass; the other half are drawn during the second pass. For example, the odd numbered lines may be drawn during the first pass and the even numbered lines during the second pass.
interpolation
The generation of intermediate values based on known values.
IOD
Information Object Definition
IOD
Information Object Definition. Provides an abstract definition of real-world objects applicable to the communication of digital medical information.
IP
Internet Protocol.

Java
High-level, object-oriented, platform-independent programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.
Java VM
Java Virtual Machine.
JIT
Just-In-Time compiler. The JIT converts Java bytecode into machine language instructions.
JPEG
Extension for Joint Photographics Experts Group formatted files. Also refers to a compression type.


Linux
An operating system that is an open source implementation of UNIX.
Long
Primitive, 64-bit data type. Long is a variation of the integer data type. Long accommodates values that are whole numbers. Valid values range from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,808.
LSB
Least Significant Byte. Also see endian.
LUT
Lookup Table.

Mac OS
Macintosh Operating System
MB
Megabyte
MIPAV
Medical Image Processing, Analysis, and Visualization program. MIPAV is an n-dimensional, general-purpose, extensive image processing, and visualization program. It is platform-independent and assists researchers with extracting quantitative information from various medical imaging modalities.
MR
Magnetic Resonance.
MSB
Most Significant Byte. See endian for more details.
MSEE
Master of Science in Electrical Engineering
MTX
Extension for MIPAV's transform matrix files.

NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
NIH
National Institutes of Health.
NM
Nuclear medicine.

OS
Operating system

PACS
Picture Archiving System.
PCX
Extension for PC Paintbrush formatted graphic files.
PDU
Protocol Data Unit.
PET
Positron Emission Tomography.
PICT
Extension for Macintosh formatted graphic files.
PLT
Extension for MIPAV's graphics files.
PNG
Extension for Portable Network Graphic formatted graphic files.
PSD
Extension for Adobe Photoshop formatted graphic files.


RAM
Random Access Memory
Raster
Bitmap file type.
Raw
File type.
resolution
The sharpness and clarity of an image.
RGB
Red Green Blue.
RIS
TBD.
RLE (Run Length Encoding)
The file extension for graphics that have been reduced using run-length encoding. RLE is a compression method that converts consecutive identical characters into a code consisting of the character and the number marking the length of the run.
ROI
Region of Interest.
RS
Extension for Sun Raster formatted graphics files.

SCP
Service Class Provider.
SCU
Service Class User.
SGI
Silicon Graphics Incorporated.
short
Primitive, 16-bit data type. Short is a variation of the integer data type. Short accommodates values that are whole numbers. Valid values range from 0 to 32,767.
signed byte
Primitive, 8-bit, data type. Signed byte is a variation of the integer data type. The signed byte data type signifies that valid values fall within a range of whole numbers. Valid values range from -128 to 128. Negative values (indicated by the negative sign) are permitted, hence the term, signed byte.
signed short
Primitive, 16-bit data type. Signed short is a variation of the integer data type. The signed short data type signifies that valid values fall within a range of whole numbers. Valid values range from -32,768 to 32,767. Negative values (indicated by the negative sign) are permitted, hence the term, signed short.
Solaris
Unix-based operating environment that was developed by Sun Microsystems. Solaris consists of the Sun operating system and a windowing system.
SOP
Service Object Pair
SOP
Service Object Pair.
SPECT
TBD.

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet.
TGA
Extension for Truevision Graphics Adapter formatted graphics files.
TIFF
Extension for Tag Image File Format formatted graphics files.

UID
Unique Identifier.
UNIX
Multi-tasking, multi-user operating system developed by Bell Labs. Many versions of UNIX abound, including Linux.
unsigned byte
Primitive, 8-bit, data type. Unsigned byte is a variation of the integer data type. The unsigned byte data type signifies that valid values must fall within a specified range of positive, whole-number values. Valid values range from 0 to 128. Negative values (indicated by the negative sign) are not valid, hence the term, unsigned byte.
unsigned short
Primitive, 16-bit data type. Unsigned short is a variation of the integer data type. The unsigned short data type signifies that valid values must fall within a specified range of positive, whole-number values. Valid values range from 0 to 32,767. Note that negative values (indicated by the negative sign) are not valid, hence the term, unsigned byte.
US
Ultrasound

VM
Virtual Machine.
VOI
Volume of interest (used interchangeably with ROI).
voxel
Smallest distinguishable cube-shaped part of a 3D image.


XBM
X BitMap file format.
XPM
X PixMap file format.